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Models

GLM-5.2 vs Qwen 3.6: Sparse and Huge, or Dense and Small

Both are permissively licensed and strong at code. One is a 744B mixture-of-experts, the other a dense 27B on a single GPU. The architecture is the decision.

· 8 min read
Guides

Goose Setup Guide: Providers, Extensions and Safe Defaults

Configure Goose against a custom OpenAI-compatible endpoint, understand what its extensions cost you per request, and set approvals you can live with.

· 8 min read
Fundamentals

GPU Memory for Inference: What Actually Fills the Card

Weights are only the first line of the memory budget. Where the rest goes, why concurrency runs out before compute does, and how to size a deployment.

· 9 min read
Cost & Pricing

GPU Rental Cost Math: Utilisation Decides Everything

A rented accelerator bills by the hour whether or not you use it. How to work out effective cost per token from your own traffic shape.

· 8 min read
Fundamentals

Grouped-Query Attention: Why Long Context Got Affordable

GQA shrinks the KV cache by sharing keys and values across query heads. What it costs in quality, and why it is on the spec sheet of nearly every model.

· 9 min read
Guides

Handling SSE Disconnects Without Losing the Response

Streamed completions fail silently after a 200. How to detect a truncated SSE stream, set idle timeouts, survive proxy hops, and decide when a retry is safe.

· 9 min read
Models

How to Read a Model Card Without Being Misled

Model cards mix hard facts, marketing and careful omissions. Which fields are reliable, which need checking, and what an absent section tells you.

· 9 min read
AI Agents

Idempotency in Agent Actions: Safe to Repeat by Design

Agents retry, resume and duplicate calls constantly. Idempotency keys, natural keys and check-then-act patterns that stop one action happening three times.

· 9 min read
Fundamentals

Inference vs Training Cost: Which One Is Actually Your Problem

Training is a one-off capital cost you never pay. Inference is a recurring cost you pay per request. How the two differ and why the distinction shapes pricing.

· 9 min read
Fundamentals

Instruction Tuning: How a Text Predictor Becomes an Assistant

A pretrained model continues text; it does not answer questions. Instruction tuning is the small, cheap stage that turns one into the other.

· 8 min read
Guides

JetBrains LLM Setup: Custom Endpoints in IntelliJ IDEs

How to run a model of your choosing inside IntelliJ, PyCharm or GoLand — what the bundled assistant will and will not do, and the plugin route that does.

· 8 min read
Guides

JSON Schema for Tool Calls: What Providers Actually Support

Which JSON Schema features survive the trip to a model, why strict mode changes the rules, and how to write tool parameter schemas that validate and get used correctly.

· 9 min read

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